L'Afrique subsaharienne est la seule partie du monde à avoir subi l'esclavage à échelle massive, ainsi que la colonisation, l'apartheid, le commerce des esclaves et le colonialisme occidental, le tout dans une atmosphère de brutalité sans précédent. Plus de cinquante ans après l'accession à la souveraineté du premier pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne, la Ghana de Kwame Nkrumah (1957), un regard analytique porté sur le continent révèle une situation qui est loin d'inciter à l'optimisme.

The United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions were established in the immediate post-World War II period to preserve and promote international peace and security, cooperation, free trade in goods and services in the world as a factor of reconstruction and development after the overwhelming effects of the war. What is the relationship between Sub-Saharan Africa and the United Nations and the Bretton Woods institutions? What are the roles of these institutions in African reconstruction and development?

After more than 50 years of independence, sustainable reconstruction in the form of effective African integration and development has not been in line with the aspiration of African people. This has been symbolised by the transformation of the Organisation of African Unity to the African Union in 2002. Will the new African Union be able to remedy this situation? What is the essence of African reparation in this modern age of diplomacy and globalisation?

Sainy, a young Gambian, arrives in Paris with high hopes for a better life. Confronted by a minefield of immigration restrictions with which he struggles vainly, he accepts an easy way in by marrying a Gambian-born divorcée and becoming the step-father of the woman's young son. As the months pass, Sainy learns new fact about Africans living in France and sees how their home-grown values of culture, community and morality adapt in their new culture, for better or worse.

A young Gambian immigrant explores the contrasting philosophies of his fellows in Paris with regard to the West: staunch Pan-Africanism versus hard pro-Western. This story demonstrates the triviality and pointlessness of the attitude of some African immigrants. A story that lifts the lid on the lives of Gambian immigrants in Paris - a world of tragedy, terror and futility, tempered by the voice of reason.