The rise of the West is often attributed the presence of certain features in Western countries from the 16th century that were absent in more traditional societies: the abolition of serfdom and Protestant ethics, the protection of property rights, and free universities. The problem with this reasoning is that, before the 16th century, there were many countries with social structures that possessed these same features that didn't experience rapid productivity growth.
This book offers a new interpretation of the 'Great Divergence' and 'Great Convergence' stories. It explores how Western countries grew rich and why parts of the developing world (South and East Asia and the Middle East) did not catch up with the West from 1500 to 1950 but began to narrow the gap after 1950. It also examines why others (Latin America, South Africa, and Russia) were more successful at catching up from 1500 to 1950, but then experienced a slowdown in economic growth compared to
other developing countries. Mixed Fortunes offers a novel interpretation of the rise of the West and of the subsequent development of 'the rest' and China and Russia, important examples of two groups of developing countries, are examined in greater detail.
The rise of the West is often attributed the presence of certain features in Western countries from the 16th century that were absent in more traditional societies: the abolition of serfdom and Protestant ethics, the protection of property rights, and free universities. The problem with this reasoning is that, before the 16th century, there were many countries with social structures that possessed these same features that didn't experience rapid productivity growth.
This book offers a new interpretation of the 'Great Divergence' and 'Great Convergence' stories. It explores how Western countries grew rich and why parts of the developing world (South and East Asia and the Middle East) did not catch up with the West from 1500 to 1950 but began to narrow the gap after 1950. It also examines why others (Latin America, South Africa, and Russia) were more successful at catching up from 1500 to 1950, but then experienced a slowdown in economic growth compared to
other developing countries. Mixed Fortunes offers a novel interpretation of the rise of the West and of the subsequent development of 'the rest' and China and Russia, important examples of two groups of developing countries, are examined in greater detail.
This book explains modern and interesting physics in heavy-fermion (HF) compounds to graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics. It presents a theory of heavy-fermion (HF) compounds such as HF metals, quantum spin liquids, quasicrystals and two-dimensional Fermi systems. The basic low-temperature properties and the scaling behavior of the compounds are described within the framework of the theory of fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT). Upon reading the book, the reader finds that HF compounds with quite different microscopic nature exhibit the same non-Fermi liquid behavior, while the data collected on very different HF systems have a universal scaling behavior, and these compounds are unexpectedly uniform despite their diversity. For the reader's convenience, the analysis of compounds is carried out in the context of salient experimental results. The numerous calculations of the non-Fermi liquid behavior, thermodynamic, relaxation and transport properties, being in good agreement with experimental facts, offer the reader solid grounds to learn the theory's applications. Finally, the reader will learn that FCQPT develops unexpectedly simple, yet completely good description of HF compounds.
This book describes the newest achievements in the area of electrochemically and chemically deposited metals and alloys. In particular, the book is devoted to the surface morphology of deposited metals and alloys. It contains an in-depth analysis of the influence of the parameters of electrodeposition or chemical deposition of metals and alloys, which will likely lead to technological advances in industrial settings world-wide.
Professionals in electrometallurgical and electroplating plants will find the book indispensable. This book will also be useful in the automotive, aerospace, electronics, energy device and biomedical industries. In academia, researchers in electrodeposition at both undergraduate and graduate levels will find this book a very valuable resource for their courses and projects.
This volume, dedicated to the memory of the great American mathematician Bertram Kostant (May 24, 1928 - February 2, 2017), is a collection of 19 invited papers by leading mathematicians working in Lie theory, representation theory, algebra, geometry, and mathematical physics. Kostant's fundamental work in all of these areas has provided deep new insights and connections, and has created new fields of research.
This volume features the only published articles of important recent results of the contributors with full details of their proofs. Key topics include:Poisson structures and potentials (A. Alekseev, A. Berenstein, B. Hoffman)
Vertex algebras (T. Arakawa, K. Kawasetsu)
Modular irreducible representations of semisimple Lie algebras (R. Bezrukavnikov, I. Losev)
Asymptotic Hecke algebras (A. Braverman, D. Kazhdan)
Tensor categories and quantum groups (A. Davydov, P. Etingof, D. Nikshych)
Nil-Hecke algebras and Whittaker D-modules (V. Ginzburg)
Toeplitz operators (V. Guillemin, A. Uribe, Z. Wang)
Kashiwara crystals (A. Joseph)
Characters of highest weight modules (V. Kac, M. Wakimoto)
Alcove polytopes (T. Lam, A. Postnikov)
Representation theory of quantized Gieseker varieties (I. Losev)
Generalized Bruhat cells and integrable systems (J.-H. Liu, Y. Mi)Almost characters (G. Lusztig)
Verlinde formulas (E. Meinrenken)
Dirac operator and equivariant index (P.-É. Paradan, M. Vergne)
Modality of representations and geometry of ?-groups (V. L. Popov)
Distributions on homogeneous spaces (N. Ressayre)
Reduction of orthogonal representations (J.-P. Serre)
