This book provides a road map for the efficient and successful management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the short stay unit. It describes the problem, defines the measures of successful treatment, elucidates interventions, and supplies the tools for achieving quality care. Organized in four parts, it covers the impact of AF on patient populations; the presentation and management of AF; the transition to the outpatient environment; and systems management. Topics include the economic consequences of AF; cardioversion and cardiac implantable electronic devices in AF management; education of the AF patient and discharge planning; and quality metrics in AF. The book also provides order sheets and process criteria with which institutions can successfully manage the AF patient in the short stay unit, thus optimizing patient outcomes, patient satisfaction, and operational efficiencies. Short Stay Management of Atrial Fibrillation is a valuable resource for cardiologists, emergency medicine physicians, electrophysiologists, and other healthcare professionals involved in AF management.
This newest addition to the Nutrition and Health series is a comprehensive, yet portable, guide to the use of dietary fiber for the management of health and disease. Dietary Fiber in Health and Disease covers all sources of dietary fiber with a focus on preventing and managing chronic diseases. Each chapter contains a careful analysis with many figures and tables of the most recent human dietary fiber studies and includes specific recommendations on the fiber types and intake levels required to prevent and manage chronic disease and improve health. Additionally, physicians, dietitians, nurses, nutritionists, pharmacists, food industry scientists, academic researchers and educators, naturopathic doctors, and other health professionals will be drawn to the practical, ready-to-use information and coverage of subjects such as fiber in gastrointestinal health and disease, fiber in cancer prevention, fiber in Type 2 Diabetes, and fiber in body weight and composition. Dietary Fiber in Health and Disease will be of interest to physicians and other healthcare professionals in many different specialties, including general practitioners, oncologists, endocrinologists, and other practitioners looking to implement dietary advice as part of the patient treatment plan.
The third edition of this important, gold-standard title outlines a range of significant advances in the study and understanding of myasthenia gravis. The overarching goal of this new edition is identical to the first and second -- to provide the clinician and the scientist with a common resource for understanding the profound achievements in the clinical, translational, and basic sciences of neuromuscular transmission disorders. In addition to several new authors and an extensive update of all chapters, this third edition includes summaries of pre-clinical research standards for autoimmune MG, along with a broad summary of MG clinical trial performance. The now greater understanding of the clinical presentation of MuSK-related MG and identification of potential new autoantigens, including LRP-4, is discussed. The development of treatment guidelines by groups in Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, and an international consortium is also outlined. Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders, Third Edition, is an invaluable resource for meeting the many and varied needs of clinicians who treat patients with myasthenia gravis.
Bringing together a
distinguished interdisciplinary team of contributors, this volume
provides a comprehensive exploration of translational toxicology-a systematic
approach to developing therapeutic interventions that can protect against,
mitigate, or reverse the effects of exposures. In particular, the book
addresses modes of action and biomarkers, developmental risks of exposures, and
potential translational toxicology therapeutics. The result is a compelling
application of developmental toxicology in a new therapeutic discipline that is
destined to become part of standard medical practice.Translational
Toxicology: Defining a New Therapeutic Discipline is an essential text for regulatory authorities, scientists, and
physicians who are concerned with environmental exposures, public health, nutrition,
and pharmaceutical research and development. Basic science, epidemiological,
and clinical investigators will also find this book a significant resource.
The "cancer stem cell" hypothesis postulates that cancer arises from a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). While the idea of cancer stem cells has been around for more than a hundred years, evidence from the fields of hematology and cancer biology has now demonstrated the critical role of stem cells in hematological malignancies and suggested that these same mechanisms are also central to the initiation, progression, and treatment of solid cancers. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that CSCs exhibit many classical properties of normal stem cells, including a high self-renewal capacity and the ability to generate heterogeneous lineages; the requirement for a specific "niche"/microenvironment to grow; and an increased capacity for self-protection against harsh environments, toxins, and drugs. Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors represents a detailed overview of cancer stem cells and their role in solid cancers. Comprised of 24 chapters, this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of this important and evolving field. Topics covered include:Introduction of the CSC hypothesisHistorical perspectives and the contributing lessons from leukemiaCurrent knowledge regarding the identification and role of CSCs in various forms of solid cancer including breast, brain, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma, lung, ovarian, hepatocellular, and head and neck cancer Molecular pathways involved in driving CSC function, with a particular focus on the novel convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways In vitro and in vivo assays, model systems, and imaging modalities for studying CSCsThe clinical importance of CSCs for cancer management and treatment, including important implications for prognosis, prediction, and treatment resistanceConsideration of the controversy surrounding the CSC hypothesis and important unanswered questions in this field This collective work was written by a group of prominent international experts in cancer biology, oncology, and/or stem cell biology. It will serve as a valuable resource for established researchers, professors, health care professionals, and students in the medical and scientific community who are investigating stem cells and/or oncology.
Addiction Recovery Management: Theory, Research, and Practice is the first book on the recovery management approach to addiction treatment and post-treatment support services. Distinctive in combining theory, research, and practice within the same text, this ground-breaking title includes authors who are the major theoreticians, researchers, systems administrators, clinicians and recovery advocates who have developed the model. State-of-the art and the definitive text on the topic, Addiction Recovery Management: Theory, Research, and Practice is mandatory reading for clinicians and all professionals who work with patients in recovery or who are interested in the field.
The rationale for using intraoperative irradiation (IORT) is based on the realization that tolerable doses of eternal beam radiation are often insufficient to achieve control of locally advanced malignancies. In these instances, the IORT component of treatment becomes the optimal conformal technique of irradiation, since dose-limiting organs or structures can either be surgically displaced or protected by placement of lead shielding.This fully revised and expanded second edition is of interest to those with intraoperative electron (IOERT) capabilities, high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-IORT) capabilities, or both. Techniques, indications, and results are discussed by disease site. Each chapter is dual authored by a radiation oncologist and a surgeon, giving a balanced presentation of clinical scenarios. Issues of basic science and physics are also covered, and a notable chapter on normal tissue tolerance is included.Intraoperative Irradiation: Techniques and Results, Second Edition is a superb compilation, providing essential cutting-edge knowledge. It is a foundation for physicians as IORT develops and becomes more widely available.
A major portion of all of acute child neurology involves the neurological complications of infectious diseases. However, none of the currently available excellent texts on inf- tious disease focus specifically on the neurological aspects. Drs. Neil R. Friedman and Leslie L. Barton have filled this important void with a superb, multi-authored text, addressing directly "the neurological manifestations of pediatric infectious diseases and immunodeficiency syndromes. " The book is organized logically according to the responsible microorganisms and addresses sequentially a broad spectrum of viruses, bacteria, fungi, rickettsiae, spirochetes, mycobacteriae, and parasites, as well as cat-scratch disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The chapters are consistently similar in organization and begin with an introduction that provides a synopsis and perspective. The substance of the chapters follows in sections devoted to epidemiology, pathog- esis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and references. The discussions of epidemiology are particularly informative and current. The sections on pathogenesis include valuable neuropathology and critical distinctions among disorders caused by primary infection by the microorganism and those related to parainfectious and postinfectious immunological phenomena. The sections on clinical manifestations emphasize the neurological features and often are subdivided into specific neurolo- cal syndromes. Results of modern brain imaging are illustrated, and tables highlight neurological and other features. Sections on diagnosis are especially valuable and emphasize the value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and related means of identifying microbial nucleic acids and proteins. The discussions of treatment are especially current and valuable.
Ageing Theories, Diseases and Microorganisms.- Indigenous Microbiota and Association with the Host.- Infections in the Elderly.- Skin Aging and Microbiology.- Lung Infections and Aging.- Influenza in the Elderly.- Changes in Oral Microflora and Host Defences with Advanced Age.- Influence of the Gut Microbiota with Ageing.- A Gut Reaction: Aging Affect Gut-Associated Immunity.- Clostridium and The Ageing Gut.- The Significance of Helicobacter Pylori Acquisition and the Hygiene Hypothesis.- Probiotics and the Ageing Gut.- Microbiological Theory of Autism in Childhood.- Decomposition of Human Remains.
This volume covers the gamut of surgical and device-based treatments for psychiatric disorders. Written by experts in the field, this book covers neuroscience advances in the neurobiological underpinnings of psychiatric diseases, emerging surgical and device-based treatments, and advances in the field. Topics include electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and many other cutting-edge treatments and techniques.Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics is a valuable resource for psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, researchers, and all other medical professionals interested in surgical and device-based treatments of psychiatric disorders.
Every year new laboratory methods are developed for the identification and classification of infectious disease agents. The number of new approaches to aid epidemiological studies of microbial pathogens is continuously growing. New biotechnology improvements have played a key role in leading to new findings in the fields of laboratory diagnostic and classification of important etiological agents. For each bacterial species, a number of different methods can be used to identify the organism and determine its possible relationship to an epidemic- or outbreak-related clone. Because of the array of different laboratory methods, it is often difficult to choose an effective low-cost method that could be used routinely in laboratories. The need to establish more sensitive methods based on molecular analysis of the microorganism genome has led many laboratories to make large investments in order to achieve results which could have been reached with minor expenses.
Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections covers common bacterial pathogenic agents, with the most effective methods for their identification and classification in the light of their specific epidemiology. The book will be a valuable resource for molecular typing of infectious diseases agents encountered in both the research and hospital clinical lab settings, as well as culture collections. Each chapter provides an overview of molecular approaches to typing bacterial pathogens. Part I gives a general overview of typing methods used in the traditional microbiology laboratory in comparison to molecular methods of epidemiology. In Part II, the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different methods applicable to the specific agents of infectious diseases are emphasized. Specific emphasis is placed on recent changes and updates in molecular typing.
Erika Jensen-Jarolim and Manuel L. Penichet 1. 1 Background Infectious diseases, being the major burden in the history of mankind worldwide th until the beginning of the 20 century, were important triggers in the understanding of immunological mechanisms. In contrast to infectious diseases, reports of all- gies and cancers were less common, but increased tremendously within the last century. Based on the US mortality data of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009, a recent report from the American Cancer Society indicated that the number of cancer deaths increased approximately from 100,000 to 550,000 per year between 1930 and 2006, paralleling the increase of the total population during this period. Leading causes of death from cancer are lung and bronchus cancer, in men prostate cancer, and in women breast c- cer [1, 2]. Normalization to population size shows that the cancer death rate for most malignancies has been generally stable, although the mortality rate of certain malignancies, such as lung and bronchus cancer, has increased over the last 50 years [1-3]. In allergy, the situation is less clear, because for the time period around the turn of th the 19 century, only imprecise information is available. However, within the last 30 years the incidences of allergies has doubled not only in industrial countries, but in developing countries as well [4].
Hypertension and diabetes show a strong epidemiologic association. About 75% of adults with diabetes have blood pressure levels =130/80 mmHg or use antihypertensive medication and this percentage goes up to 90% if microalbuminuria is also present. On the other hand, individuals with hypertension are 2.5 times more likely to develop diabetes within 5 years of diagnosis. The presence of hypertension in patients with diabetes substantially increases the risk for both cardiovascular and renal diseases and is associated with a 7.2-fold increase in mortality, whereas in those with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, hypertension causes a 37-fold increase in mortality.Hypertension in type 1 diabetes generally results from the underlying nephropathy and in type 2 diabetes it usually occurs in the context of the cardio- metabolic syndrome. Understanding the pathophysiological context and the overall cardiovascular risk assessment together with the current therapeutic modalities for people with diabetes and hypertension is a sine qua non for effective management of this growing patient population.In this book we present to the primary care providers as well as to the sub-specialists an integrative approach to hypertension and diabetes including lifestyle and pharmacological approaches, focusing on overall cardiovascular risk reduction with special emphasis on high- risk population. We also provide an overview of the preventive measures for both hypertension and diabetes in the light of the most recent clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for the epidemic and the ongoing clinical studies together with the various innovative diagnostic modalities.
In human solid tumors, nodal status is the most important prognostic indicator for patient outcome. Recent developments in the sentinel lymph node concept have resulted in new procedures to define the first draining node as the primary gateway through which the cancer will spread. In From Local Invasion to Metastatic Cancer: Involvement of Distant Sites Through the Lymphovascular System, a panel of international authorities takes an in-depth look at the role of the lymphovascular system in the spread of cancer. The authors summarize the findings of the Second International Symposium on Cancer Metastasis: Basis for Rational Therapy summit. Specifically, the book presents important developments in the biology and clinical understanding of cancer metastasis, describes the relationship between tumor microenvironment and proliferation, and defines the process of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis with special reference to cancer metastasis. From Local Invasion to Metastatic Cancer: Involvement of Distant Sites Through the Lymphovascular System provides oncologists, radiologists, and cancer researchers the necessary information to study and develop new strategies to curb the process of metastasis.
Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke is a comprehensive reference on nutrition for the multidisciplinary team caring for stroke patients. Targeting physicians, nurse practitioners, clinical dietitians, and advanced allied health and medical students, this volume provides an introduction on the different types of stroke, associated risk factors, and uniquely featured global perspectives on stroke. In addition to discussing stroke risk factors, the book expands upon treatment and management from the acute care setting through rehabilitation, captures the lifespan of patients affected by stroke, and discusses the progression of the nutrition care plan. Containing the most up-to-date, evidence based information currently available, Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke is a valuable resource for clinicians working with the stroke population.
Mitochondria, often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell, generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation or OXPHOS, and maintain cellular homeostasis. In addition to generating ATP, mitochondria are involved in regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, free radical production, innate immune responses and apoptosis. Mitochondrial Function in Lung Health and Disease fills the current gap in the literature and outlines the growing clinical relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, there is no overview on the role of mitochondria in pulmonary diseases and this volume focuses on the mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and mechanisms of mitochondrial pathways in lung injury, inflammation, repair and remodeling. Furthermore, in addition to their well-recognized role in cellular energy production and apoptosis, mitochondria appear to play a role in many respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Chapters are written by top notch researchers and clinicians and outline the evidence for mitochondrial biogenesis in inhalational lung injury, COPD and asthma.
This is the new and fully revised third edition of the well-received text that is the benchmark book in the field of nutrition and aging. The editors (specialists in geriatric nutrition, medical sociology, and clinical nutrition, respectively) and contributors (a panel of recognized academic nutritionists, geriatricians, clinicians, and other scientists) have added a number of new chapters and have thoroughly updated the widely acclaimed second edition. This third edition provides fresh perspectives and the latest scientific and clinical developments on the interaction of nutrition with age-associated disease and provides practical, evidence-based options to enhance this at-risk population's potential for optimal health and disease prevention. Chapters on a wide range of topics, such as the role of nutrition in physical and cognitive function, and coverage of an array of clinical conditions (obesity, diabetes, heart failure, cancer, kidney disease, osteoporosis), compliment chapters on food insecurity, anti-aging and nutritional supplements, making this third edition uniquely different from previous editions. Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging, Third Edition, is a practical and comprehensive resource and an invaluable guide to nutritionists, physicians, nurses, social workers and others who provide health care for the ever-increasing aging population.
In spite of the development of various anticancer drugs, the therapy of cancer has remained challenging for decades. The current therapy of cancer is overwhelmed because of the inability to deliver therapeutics to all regions of a tumor in effective therapeutic concentrations, intrinsic or acquired resistance to the treatment with currently available agents via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and toxicity. As a result, cancer therapy using conventional therapeutics and different types of treatment regimens using this therapeutics has not led to a convincing survival benefit of the patients. In this context, Macromolecular therapeutics offer several advantages over conventional low molecular therapeutics by various ways such as, enable the use of larger doses of these agents by limiting the toxicity, by enhanced permeability and retention into tumors, by tumor targeting using tumor-specific antibodies, by specific inhibition of oncogenes using anticancer oligonucleotides etc. Cancer treatment using this macromolecular therapeutics has considerably improved the survival benefit for patients. As a result, various macromolecular therapeutics are already commercialized or are under clinical development. Although we are far from a real magic bullet today, looking at the pace of research and current success in this field of macromolecular therapeutics, it appears that we are approaching a magic bullet for the efficient treatment of cancer. Thus, we believe that the subject of this book is very timely, and that the book will fill an unmet need in the market.
This book is unique and assembles various types and aspects of macromolecular anticancer therapeutics for cancer therapy in one shell and conveys the importance of this interdisciplinary field to the broad audience. Thus, in a nutshell, this book details the basics of cancer, and various therapeutic strategies such as those based on macromolecular therapeutics hence can become an important reference for practitioners, oncologists, medical pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, biomedical scientists, experimental pharmacologists, pharmaceutical technologists, and particularly it can essentially become a handbook of macromolecular therapeutics for cancer therapy for graduates, post-graduates and Ph.D. students in these fields.
Acute Care for Elders (ACE) is a model of care designed to improve functional outcomes and to improve the processes for the care of older patients. This model includes: an environment of care designed to promote improved function for older patients; an interdisciplinary team that works together to identify/address the vulnerabilities of the older patients; nursing care plans for prevention of disability; early planning to help prepare the patient to return home and a review of medical care to prevent iatrogenic illness.Acute Care for Elders: A Model for Interdisciplinary Care is an essential new resource aimed at assisting providers in developing and sustaining an ACE program. The interdisciplinary approach provides an introduction to the key vulnerabilities of older adults and defines the lessons learned from the Acute Care for Elders model. Expertly written chapters describe critical aspects of ACE: the interdisciplinary approach and the focus on function. The fundamental principles of ACE described in this book will further assist hospital leaders to develop, implement, sustain and disseminate the Acute Care for Elders model of care. Acute Care for Elders: A Model for Interdisciplinary Care is of great value to geriatricians, hospitalists, advance practice nurses, social workers and all others who provide high quality care to older patients.
Herbal Products: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Second Editionbuilds on the informative foundation laid by its predecessor. Thisfully revised and expanded second edition boasts more than 200 newreferences that document efficacy studies and adverse effects and fournew chapters devoted to dietary products. Practitioners andresearchers will find that this volume is a comprehensive resource forobjective clinical information about the potential uses, efficacy, andsafety of herbal medicines. The authors recognize that the majority ofavailable information on dietary supplements is typically provided bydistributors and designed to sell a product rather than objectivelyinform consumers; therefore, the emphasis throughout is on informationnot readily available from any other source. Similar to the firstedition, this volume is based on original studies published inpeer-reviewed journals, as well as meta-analyses, systematic reviews,and other high-quality assessments by recognized experts.
There are many steps on the road from discovery of an anticancer drug to securing its final approval by the Food and Drug Administration. In this thoroughly updated and expanded second edition of the Handbook of Anticancer Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, leading investigators synthesize an invaluable overview of the experimental and clinical processes of anticancer drug development, creating a single indispensable reference that covers all the steps from the identification of cancer-specific molecular targets to screening techniques and the development and validation of bioanalytical methods to clinical trial design and all phases of clinical trials. The authors have included new material on phase 0 trials in oncology, organ dysfunction trials, drug formulations and their impact on anticancer drug PK/PD including strategies to improve drug delivery, pharmacogenomics and cancer therapy, high throughput platforms in drug metabolism and transport pharmacogenetics, imaging in drug development and nanotechnology in cancer.Authoritative and up-to-date, Handbook of Anticancer Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 2nd Edition provides in one comprehensive and highly practical volume a detailed step-by-step guide to the successful design and approval of anticancer drugs.Road map to anticancer drug development from discovery to NDA submissionDiscussion of molecular targets and preclinical screeningDevelopment and validation of bioanalytical methodsChapters on clinical trial design and phase 0, I, II, III clinical trialsPharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, and pharmacogenetics of anticancer agentsReview of the drug development process from both laboratory and clinical perspectivesNew technological advances in imaging, high throughput platforms, and nanotechnology in anticancer drug development
This book fills a gap in the existing medical literature by providing a best-practice approach to the evaluation and acute treatment of patients presenting for emergency care with identifiable substance use and/or co-occurring psychiatric disorders. As the first interdisciplinary book to integrate psychiatric and emergency care, the text uniquely covers a myriad of serious medical conditions, acute mental status and dangerous behavioral abnormalities. The book focuses on guidelines that support emergency room physicians with little formal medical training in addiction medicine. The first section focuses on the diagnosis and management of substance-specific intoxication and withdrawal states, as well as common medical co-morbidities and disposition considerations. The book lends particular attention to the identification and stabilization of high risk medical conditions associated with each substance of abuse. The second section is psychiatrically focused, addressing the most common psychiatric symptoms and syndromes, their association with SUDs, an approach to differential diagnosis, and discussion of crucial treatment considerations for both safe ED management and post-ED disposition. A final section includes other pertinent topics, for example, the assessment of patient safety, responding to the medication-seeking patient, assessment and treatment of pregnant patients and working with adolescents and their families around substance use.Substance Use and The Acute Patient is a unique and valuable contribution to the literature for both consulting psychiatrists, emergency medicine specialists, addiction medicine specialists, and all other medical professionals who provide care for these most complex and underserved patients.
This book examines the most up-to-date strategies that can be used to enhance the healthcare professional-patient interaction to influence positive behavior change and improve treatment adherence in pulmonary healthcare. This book is written by experts in the field who couple their experience with practical strategies (the art) with evidence-based theory (the science).Chapters discuss global concepts such as motivational interviewing on improving engagement and how to apply strategies to specific situations (for examples: smoking cessation, promoting physical activity, inhaler adherence, supplemental oxygen use, and non-invasive ventilation) commonly experienced on the front lines of caring for patients with pulmonary disorders. The textbook raises awareness of direct approaches and recent technological advances that healthcare professionals can use to support positive behavior change in their day-to-day clinical practice. Effective, patient-tailored self-management interventions are discussed, including the evidence for these interventions and ways to personalize the strategies to each patient's unique needs.
This book is an ideal guide for healthcare professionals working with patients experiencing chronic pulmonary conditions, including pulmonologists, primary care physicians, physician assistants, nurses, trainees, and the many allied health professionals involved in delivering care such as respiratory therapists, pharmacists, and behavioral psychologists. The concepts of this book can also be applied to the management of other chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus.
This book provides an overview of sleep and sleep disorders for practicing clinicians. Sleep disorders represent a major portion of the chief complaints seen by pulmonologists and other clinicians. Patients with sleep-related conditions often present with non-specific complaints that require a broad and detailed knowledge of the wide range of sleep disorders and their consequences.
This concise, evidence-based review of sleep medicine offers a guide to pulmonologists, primary care physicians, and all clinicians involved in caring for patients with sleep disorders. Providing a focused, scientific basis for the effects of sleep on human physiology, especially cardiac and respiratory physiology, chapters also outline a differential diagnosis for common sleep complaints and an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management. This includes a review of the current standards of practice and of emerging technology and unresolved issues awaiting further research. In all, this book provides a clear diagnostic and management program for all the different sleep disorders and includes key points and summaries. This new edition expands the scope of the previous to include additional sleep disorders and the most affected populations. Six new chapters are added on health disparities in sleep medicine, models of care for patients with sleep disorders/care coordination, sleep disordered breathing in pediatric populations, sleep in hospitalized patients, sleep in pregnancy, and sleep in older patients.
Essentials of Sleep Medicine is an invaluable resource for physicians, clinical psychologists, respiratory care practitioners, polysomnographic technologists, graduate students, clinical researchers, and other health professionals seeking an in-depth review of sleep medicine.