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Jean-FranÇois Lyotard
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Il est inhabituel qu'un philosophe devienne biographe ; qui plus est, biographe d'André Malraux - qui, jusqu'à ce jour, a davantage intrigué les "artistes" que les "penseurs". Pour la première fois, les ressources de la philosophie et de la psychanalyse - qui a toujours été un outil conceptuel pour Jean-François Lyotard - sont mobilisées pour la compréhension de ce que Malraux lui-même appelait son "misérable petit tas de secrets". Dans cette enquête, on trouvera donc - renouvelés - tous les grands thèmes qui jalonnent la vie et l'oeuvre de Malraux : l'art, l'Extrême-Orient, l'engagement, le gaullisme, le musée imaginaire, les femmes ou plutôt l'absence de femmes, la politique, le communisme, l'anti-fascisme. Sur chacun de ces points le livre de Lyotard apporte des éclairages, ouvre des perspectives, avec lesquels la critique malrucienne devra compter.
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Why Philosophize? is a series of lectures given by Jean-François Lyotard to students at the Sorbonne embarking on their university studies. The circumstances obliged him to be both clear and concise: at the same time, his lectures offer a profound and far-reaching meditation on how essential it is to philosophize in a world where philosophy often seems irrelevant, outdated, or inconclusive.
Lyotard begins by drawing on Plato, Proust and Lacan to show that philosophy is a never-ending desire - for wisdom, for the `other'. In the second lecture he draws on Heraclitus and Hegel to explore the close relation between philosophy and history: the same restlessness, the same longing for a precarious unity, drives both. In his third lecture, Lyotard examines how philosophy is a form of utterance, both communicative and indirect. Finally, he turns to Marx, exploring the extent to which philosophy can be a transformative action within the world.
These wonderfully accessible lectures by one of the most influential philosophers of the last 50 years will attract a wide readership, since, as Lyotard says, `How can one not philosophize?' They are also an excellent introduction to Lyotard's mature thought, with its emphasis on the need for philosophy to bear witness, however obliquely, to a recalcitrant reality.
